Compulsory education transformed childhood, but not without resistance. Using newspaper reports, census records and education legislation, this article explores how families in Armitage and Handsacre adapted to the new school attendance laws of the late nineteenth century. Through the stories of parents repeatedly summoned before the magistrates, it reveals the tensions between poverty, work, religion and the growing expectation that every child should receive an education.
The History of Armitage-with-Handsacre Parish
People, Places and Stories from a Staffordshire Parish